Key keywords: Donald Trump, 2025 US trade policy, sweeping new tariffs, 60 trade partners, global duty expiration, US trade deficit, cross-border trade regulation, international trade tensions, US manufacturing protection, WTO dispute settlement Just weeks after entering his second term, US President Donald Trump officially announced plans to impose sweeping new tariffs on 60 global trade partners, replacing a set of existing global import duties that are scheduled to expire at the end of March 2025. The new tariff regime, which will take effect starting April 1, covers a wide range of import categories including finished steel and aluminum products, electric vehicle batteries, auto parts, consumer electronics, agricultural produce and textiles, with average tariff rates ranging from 10% to 35% depending on the product category and country of origin. Senior officials from the US Trade Representative’s office stated that the policy is designed to address the $800 billion annual US trade deficit, protect domestic manufacturing jobs that have been lost to unfair trade practices over the past two decades, and encourage global companies to move their production bases back to the United States. The 60 trade partners targeted by the new tariffs include all 27 EU member states, Canada, Mexico, 10 ASEAN countries, India, Brazil, South Korea and Japan, which together account for more than 80% of total US annual imports. The announcement has sparked immediate mixed reactions both domestically and internationally. The National Association of Manufacturers released a statement praising the policy, noting that it will provide much-needed protection for US steel, auto and clean energy industries that have been undercut by subsidized foreign imports for years. On the other hand, the National Retail Federation warned that the new tariffs will push up the prices of daily consumer goods by an average of 12%, adding an extra $1,200 of annual expenditure for an average American household of four. On the global front, EU Trade Commissioner Valdis Dombrovskis stated that the EU will roll out equivalent retaliatory tariffs on $45 billion worth of US agricultural products, commercial aircraft and tech exports within 30 days if the US goes forward with the policy. Mexico and Canada both announced that they will re-evaluate key clauses of the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) in response to the tariff move, while ASEAN member states and India have stated that they will file a joint dispute settlement case against the US at the World Trade Organization. Global financial markets reacted quickly to the announcement, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average falling 1.2% in afternoon trading, US steel futures rising 3.7%, and shares of major cross-border logistics and retail companies falling between 2% and 5% on the same day.